Having decided to start this blog to convey my experience with network analysis and troubleshooting, one subject instantly sprang to mind for my first post, TCP Chimney/Offloading.
From your adapter's properties page, select the Advanced tab and select IPv4 Checksum Offload under Property. Set the Value to Disabled. Some people also suggest disabling TCP Checksum Offload (IPv4) & UDP Checksum Offload (IPv4). Please note that it may be possible that you can't set these options in your network adapter's properties. Looking to disable checksum_offload permanently on our network interface. Is the only way to do this through a startup script? # chdev -l en0 -a checksum_offload=no.
I get asked about this so often I have a ready email of advice around what it is, and what I (note not Microsoft, although I think our official recommendation would likely mirror mine) recommend to customers around the use of it. My advice is based on thousands of customer cases I've handled over the years around this feature. I've therefore compiled what's hopefully a one-stop shop for all your TCP offloading needs. Apologies in advance if it's a bit wordy, but I've tried to convey everything I can around the subject for you.
So why do I get asked about it all the time? Well, let's start with what it is and what it does.
What is TCP Offloading/Chimney?
Starting when Windows Server 2003 SP1 was the current server OS, Microsoft released the Scalable Networking Pack http://support.microsoft.com/kb/912222/en-us
This turned on in the OS, three distinct things:
1.) RSS
Where multiple CPUs reside in a single computer, the Windows networking stack limits 'receive' protocol processing to a single CPU. In essence, the old design of dealing with all incoming network traffic on a single processor core was starting to cause a bottleneck on newer multiprocessor systems. RSS resolves this issue by enabling the packets that are received from a network adapter to be balanced across multiple CPUs. In essence with RSS on, each incoming TCP connection is load balanced over the available cores, spreading the load and preventing a bottleneck from occurring. This is becoming a necessity as servers have to handle increasingly high loads of network traffic.
2.) TCP Chimney(sometimes referred to as TCP Offloading)
This feature is designed to take processing of the network such as packet segmentation and reassembly processing tasks, from a computer's CPU to a network adapter that supports TCP Chimney Offload. This has the effect of reducing the workload on the host CPU and moving it to the NIC, allowing both the Host OS to perform quicker and also speed up the processing of network traffic.
3.) Network Direct Memory Access (NetDMA)
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg162716(WS.10).aspx
The NetDMA interface provides generic access to direct memory access (DMA) engines that can perform memory-to-memory data transfers with little CPU involvement. Again, this is designed to take work away from the CPU by allowing the NIC to move data from receive buffers without using the CPU as much.
Why would I want to disable it then?
All these features sound brilliant, and only enabled with the installation of the Scalable Networking Pack, so why would you want to disable it?
Well, with the release of Service Pack 2 for Windows Server 2003, Microsoft decided to include this scalable networking pack and thus turn the features on. If a server has a NIC which supports these features, and it's enabled in the NIC properties (more on this later) then we'll use them. The problem with this approach was, that many NICs reported to the OS that they supported these features, which they indeed did, but many didn't perform these functions very well at all in reality. With 2003 this was an all or nothing effort, if offloading was turned on, we offloaded all TCP connections on a supported NIC, regardless of whether it would benefit or not.
We had a great number of issues through Microsoft support over the course of the next year or so which were caused by drivers misbehaving with these features which had a knock on effect on the network traffic. This in turn caused a wide range of weird and wonderful symptoms seen across the board from the Exchange team to SQL to BizTalk to IIS to ISA. Most of these landed on the lap of my colleagues and I in the Networking support team and as such we've probably seen issues numbering in the thousands caused by these features, where turning them off resolved the problem, so much so that turning off Offloading/RSS became an almost standard troubleshooting step with 2003 cases.
Most NIC vendors have released numerous updates over the years to resolve these issues as have Microsoft to improve the feature in the OS, however my general advice with Server 2003 is to disable these features.
In essence, with server 2003 this feature tends to cause more problems than it solves so I tend to recommend it is turned off. It doesn't really become effective until you get high speed (10gbps) networks and low latency and, as mentioned, many older NIC drivers don't implement this well and thus we get a lot of issues. If enabled, the bare minimum recommendation would be that the NIC and teaming drivers and firmware are the latest available and http://support.microsoft.com/kb/950224/en-usis applied.
How do I turn off these features in Server 2003?
If the features aren't needed then they should be turned off, we can do this in one of two ways.
The safest way is to do this in the registry by using method 3 in http://support.microsoft.com/kb/948496/en-uswhich sets the registry to configure these features to be off.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesTcpipParameters
- Right-click EnableTCPChimney, and then click Modify.
- In the Value data box, type 0, and then click OK.
- Right-click EnableRSS, and then click Modify.
- In the Value data box, type 0, and then click OK.
- Right-click EnableTCPA, and then click Modify.
- In the Value data box, type 0, and then click OK.
- Exit Registry Editor, and then restart the computer.
Alternatively you can disable the features in the NIC properties of most NICs, however the naming convention and exposure of these settings varies from NIC to NIC and also from driver to driver.
If the feature is disabled on either the NIC properties, or the registry, it's off, regardless if the other is on. This is why I recommend you use the registry as it won't be affected by driver updates etc and is much easier to control centrally.
So what about newer OS versions?
The first point of note is that Microsoft made a lot of effort in the newer OS versions to ensure the drivers were up to the job, and also a lot of improvements in the implementation of the features and TCP stack in the OS which makes the enabling of the features much safer in post 2003 OS versions.
Server 2008
In Windows Server 2008 (not R2) Offloading is turned off by default anyway. http://support.microsoft.com/kb/951037/en-us
You can enable it using the NIC properties or by using Netsh which is outlined in the link above. The offloading capabilities are more granular in 2008 than they were in 2003, we offload suitable network connections.
As before, it's always wise if using this feature that the latest NIC drivers and firmware are installed to ensure the NIC manufacturers latest updates are in place.
Ensure you have http://support.microsoft.com/kb/976035/en-us installed on top of SP2 to prevent an unexpected restart scenaro.
If the above steps are done, in my experience it's very safe to turn the feature on in 2008 if you feel it is needed.
To check the state of offloading you can run the following steps:
Run Netstat –t in a command prompt an you'll get the following output:
Active Connections
Proto Local Address Foreign Address State Offload State
TCP 127.0.0.1:52613 computer_name:52614 ESTABLISHED InHost
TCP 192.168.1.103:52614 computer_name:52613 ESTABLISHED Offloaded
InHost shows the connection is not offloaded and thus handled by the OS, Offloaded mean exactly that.
For those of you looking in memory dumps and wondering if these features are in use, you should be able to dump the registry keys used to set this by running x tcpip!*disable* in windbg for server 2003.
In this example, both RSS and TCP Chimney is disabled.
x tcpip!*disable*
b8f1a0d4 tcpip!DisableRSS = 1
b8f1a360 tcpip!DisableUserTOSSetting = 1
b8f1df34 tcpip!DisableMediaSenseEventLog = 0
b8f1a0d0 tcpip!DisableTCPChimney = 1
b8f1ae54 tcpip!DisableTaskOffload = 0
b8f1cdc0 tcpip!DisableLargeSendOffload = 0
b8f1a0b4 tcpip!DisableIPSourceRouting = 2
b8f1ae4c tcpip!DisableMediaSense = 0
b8f1a0ec tcpip!DisableUserTOS = 1
b8f01ff3 tcpip!DisableRouter (void)
b8f0c3b0 tcpip!IPDisableMediaSenseRequest (struct _IRP *, struct _IO_STACK_LOCATION *)
b8f106d6 tcpip!OlmDisableOffloadOnInterface (unsigned int)
b8f04d4b tcpip!IPDisableChimneyOffload (struct _IRP *, struct _IO_STACK_LOCATION *)
b8f048bf tcpip!IPDisableSniffer (struct _UNICODE_STRING *)
As these structures don't exist in 2008 + you'll need to use another command which im currently trying to confirm what the best method is and I'll update the blog with the info.
Server 2008 R2
With server 2008 R2 this feature is much more intelligent, it'll only offload when the conditions are right..as per http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg162709(WS.10).aspx
Automatic. In automatic mode, TCP Chimney Offload considers offloading the processing for a connection only if the following criteria are met: the connection is established through a 10 Gbps Ethernet adapter, the mean round trip link latency is less than 20 milliseconds, and at least 130 KB of data has been exchanged over the connection. In automatic mode, the TCP receive window is set to 16 MB. Because the Windows stack has performance optimizations not found in Chimney-capable network adapters, automatic mode restricts offloads only to those connections that might receive the most benefit from it.
This is the default setting and I'd advise it's left as default. As always, ensure the latest NIC drivers/Firmware is installed to remove the risk of any known issues but in my experience taken from many thousands of customers, this feature is a real benefit to the OS. In fact I've seen multiple customers who have gotten into the habit of disabling these features in their OS build following the issues they experienced with Server 2003. I've been called out to look at performance issues and when we've re-enabled the features we notice a massive performance improvement.
If you are getting problems which are resolved by turning off TOE in 2008 R2, my first step would be to update the NIC driver and firmware as there are almost always updates for the NICs which resolve the majority of offloading issues I encounter.
If the problem persists, turning off Offloading is the wrong thing to do, raise a case with Microsoft and we'll help you get to the bottom of it, by having a policy of disabling these features, you are effectively restricting your Windows platform's network performance for the sake of one or two issues which could be investigated and resolved.
The performance improvement on certain connections is enormous and shouldn't be thrown away due to habit (i.e. the 2003 behaviour) or a few issues which haven't been fully investigated, quick fixes will eventually come round and bite you, in my personal experience.
To manage the settings in 2008 R2 the following KB gives more information on the Netsh commands available.
It's also advised to install http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2477730/en-usto resolve an issue with offloading in 2008 R2, this is non urgent so could be planned into your next change window.
Server 2012
Offloading in Windows Server 2012 works much as it does in server 2008 R2 so the same advice applies. RSS however becomes more important in this OS due to the fact SMB Multichannel relies on it.
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2846837/en-usis a recommended hotfix for RSS in server 2012.
Additional points of note around offloading:
Large send offload and checksum offload
I've seen many references on the internet pointing to things around TCP task offloading, such as Checksum offloading and Large Send offload being related to TCP chimney. Its important to note, these are not related to the TCP Chinmey/offload described above. Checksum offload is where we allow the NIC to set the checksum on a packet when it leaves the machine (which is why Netmon and Wireshark often show 'incorrect checksum' on packets as the driver which captures them sits above the NIC where the checksum is set). Large Send offload (LSO) allows the Application layer to dump down a packet which would be too big for transmission and allows the NIC to chop it up into transmittable sizes (which is why you can see packets > 1460 bytes of payload in Netmon/Wireshark).
These can be set in the NIC properties but are generally very very safe to leave on. You may want to disable LSO if you're sniffing traffic as you wont be seeing the packets as they are transmitted on the wire.
Network tracing offloaded connections:
Another reason you may want to disable TCP offloading is if you want to take a network trace. Both Netmon's filter driver and Wireshark's will show you only the three way handshake and the session tear down if offloading is being used. This is due to where the drivers sit, when offloading is used, the data bypasses these drivers so you'll only see the part of the session the OS is responsible for, the session setup and tear down.
http://blogs.technet.com/b/messageanalyzer/archive/2012/09/17/meet-the-successor-to-microsoft-network-monitor.aspx is a new tool from Microsoft which allows us to trace at different layers other than NDIS (where netmon sits) and thus may allow you to work round this issue depending on the scenario.
So for a short summary my recommendations for Offloading and RSS are:
Server OS version | RSS/Chimney On by default | Recommended setting | Methods to disable | Additional Recommendations |
2003 SP2 | Yes | Turn off unless needed | NIC properties or registry | Update NIC drivers and apply |
2008 | No | Turn on only if needed | Nic properties or Netsh | Update NIC drivers and apply http://support.microsoft.com/kb/979614/en-us http://support.microsoft.com/kb/967224/en-us if enabled |
2008 R2 | Yes (Only offloads suitable connections) | Leave enabled | NIC properties or Netsh | Update NIC drivers and apply |
2012 inc R2 | Yes (Only offloads suitable connections) | Leave enabled | Nic properties or Netsh | Update NIC drivers and apply |
Please note, the hotfixes may seem irrelevant but are the latest versions (as of 19 August 2014) of the relevant binaries which contain the code for handling RSS and Offloading and thus contain any hotfixes to this date which may help performance & functionality in this area.
- Server 2003: Turn it off unless absolutely needed
- Server 2008: Off by default, Turn on if needed after a NIC driver update and Windows hotfix.
- Server 2008 R2/2012: On, Automatic mode by default, leave as default and update NIC drivers if possible. Install hotfix on 2008 R2 in next change window.
*Update.
http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=2055853 is a recommended fix if you're using RSS and VMware.
Hopefully this post has provided you with all you need to know around TCP offloading/RSS and has encouraged you to keep it turned on in newer OS versions.
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Hi, Please tell me, how can i disable service with bat file. What service? 'Vijay' wrote: > Hi, > > Please tell me, how can i disable service with bat file. > Please tell me, how can i disable service with bat file. That's funny ... weren't we just talking about Permissions? :-) Anyway, the command to control a Windows Service (enable, start, stop, disable, etc) is SC.EXE. Run SC /? at a command prompt to see the syntax. Put the necessary SC command in a batch file, and you are all set. Hope it helps, Andrew -- amclar at ...
Print Preview 'Prev Page' but is always disabled
Hello,I have created an MFC application and have added Printing and PrintPreview capability. The only problem i have is that the Prev Pagebutton on the Print Preview toolbar is always disabled. The 'TwoPages' button and 'Next Page' are enabled and work correctly.I am setting the CPrintInfo::SetMaxPage() and CPrintInfo::SetMinPage()and CPrintInfo::m_nCurPage values in OnPreparePrinting() but thisdoesnt seem to make a difference.Is their anything else that i can try which will enable this button?ThanksAndy...
disable macro warning
I added macro which I then deleted. Every time I enter system it asks me if I want to disable or enable macros - how do I turn off this warning screen upon entering system when I have no macros in the worksheet? You need to remove the module that contained the macro. Press ALT+F11, go to View > Project Explorer (if needed), right-click on the module(s), and remove it. Save.HTHJasonAtlanta, GA>-----Original Message----->I added macro which I then deleted. Every time I enter >system it asks me if I want to disable or enable macros - >how do I turn off this warnin...
Disable sending Email
In Exchange 5.5 in an NT Domain, is there a way to disable an user from sending email? He should be able to open and read his email but not be able to send out email untill permitted.Thanks On Wed, 16 Mar 2005 15:01:03 -0800, 'SI'<[email protected]> wrote:>In Exchange 5.5 in an NT Domain, is there a way to disable an user from >sending email? He should be able to open and read his email but not be able >to send out email untill permitted.>>ThanksYou can do this on Internet mail by setting the Delivery Restrictionon the IMS to deny mail...
Because the Exchange MTA is disabled, the store driver...
I suddenly have a huge problem on my exchange 2003 (running on SBS). Trying to fix the not running Exchange MTA (Bad ideer, is it was ok in the not running state DOH) service I uninstalled the SMTP service, and reinstalled it! The result of that was a smashed Exchange server. Now I can't get it to relay for any of my domains anymore, and everytime someone send an email, the Event log on my server will tell me that It cant deliver the Email because the Exchange MTA service is not running. Could you please help me get it back up and running, or at least give me some clues ...
How to disable the outputting report to PDF dialog box
I would like to disable the 'now outputting report' dialog box when sending from access to outlook as pdf file. If 50 emails is needed to send out then it will pop-up dialog box in 50 times that make user cannot do other application. Anyone can help? Thank you. ...
Disable a Menu Item
Hi,For this MFC app that I am maintaining there is a menu item that Iwould like to disabled, grey-out, at runtime if a certian condition ismet. From reading previous posts on similar questions I have tried,CMenu *pMenu = GetMenu(); pMenu->EnableMenuItem(ID_SEARCH_TRUCK_INFO, MF_GRAYED |MF_BYCOMMAND);This compiles and runs but does not do anything.In another post I came across it was suggested to do the below. How isthe code below actually used? Called?void CMainFrame::OnUpdateMenuItem1(CCmdUI* pCmdUI){ /* bool bEnable = ... ; true if it need to enable menu item ...
Users Disabled on the Server/Application
This may seem like a stupid question, but...Is there an easy way to completely remove a User from the records? For example, an employee left the company. I reassigned all Account, Contact, Leads and Opps. However, he's still on thousands of records as 'sharing'. Is there a way to arbitrarily remove him from all sharing records?Thanks! There's no supported way to do this. You will need to dig into the database and delete. I do know that there have been posts in the past around this.Hope this helps,Ronald LemmenAvanade Netherlands'Skulow' wrote:&...
Vista 'ipv4 connectivity limited'
Hi We have two Vista PCs connected wirelessly to a BTHomeHub2. Both have been connecting to the internet fine, until today. My partner now can't get online. Her machine shows ipv4 connectivity limited. (Both our computers also show ipv6 limited, but my ipv4 shows 'internet' and of course is connecting fine.) It reports the signal strength is excellent. Another message says 'the computer is connected to the BTHomeHub2, but does not have access to the internet.' As I've said, we've had no similar problem before, and have not changed any se...
POS 2.0 Payment processing features disabled
After doing an automatic update on my Windows XP SP3 POS computer, I recieved the following error on loggin into Microsoft POS 2.0.An error has occurred when reading payment processor information from database. All payment processing features will be disabled in Point of Sale.And sure enough the credit card processing on the POS computer stoped working. I immediatly rolled back the updates but that did not resolve the problem. At that point I went into look under Settings->Store Settings->Options on the Payment tab and the entire Payment processing section is disabled. Once...
Disable Contacts
HiIs there anyway to prevent users from being able to use Contacts, but still allow them to use a Global Address list. Basically I want to prevent them from adding their own information and details of clients I don't think you can do anything to control what they do in their personalcontacts folder.....Fat Lad wrote:> Hi,> Is there anyway to prevent users from being able to use Contacts, but> still allow them to use a Global Address list. Basically I want to> prevent them from adding their own information and details of clients...
IPv4 Literals (user@[IP])
Anyone have any clue on how to config the EX 5.5 to accept mail that is send to an email address of form 'user@[IP]'.I have created an account/addr per MS KB193316 (http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;193316). When I email the account/addr I receive an delivery failure indicating:123.123.123.123 does not like recipient.Remote host said: 550 Relaying is prohibitedGiving up on 123.123.123.123.123.123.123.123 is a valid ip address.Thanks 'Andrew' <[email protected]> wrote in messagenews:[email protected]...>...
Disable OMA per default
Hi,with the parameter msExchOmaAdminWirelessEnable = 7 the OMA parameters for useres could be disable but every new generated user is OMA enabled. How could I disable OMA per default on every new generated Exchange user.Thank youIngo I was going to suggest using a template user account within ADUC to create new users (with OMA disabled on the template account, obviously). But that doesn't appear to work.I guess if you create a script to create new user accounts, use the value you mention below in the script. That's all I can think of right now.-- Neil HobsonExchange...
Disabling NIC
Hello,We have computers with multiple NICs, and we need to programmaticallydisable some of the NICs. The same functionality as in Device Manager, when youright-click on the network device and select 'Disable'. TIA,Jacques have a look at these:-SetupDiSetClassInstallParams(...) and SetupDiCallClassInstaller(...)-- Vipin Aravind'Jacques' <[email protected]> wrote in message news:[email protected]...> Hello,>> We have computers with multiple NICs, and we need to programmatically> disable some...
Disable OL2k3 Junk Email Filtering on All Machines
HiWe have server side filtering and would like to ensure that Outlook Junk filtering is switched off on all machinesCould this be done with say a logon script?ThanksB ...
Disable user interaction in VBA
Hi All, How can you disable user interaction with a workbook while awaiting completion of running of a few macros? These macros depend on specific selection of worksheets and if users change the worksheet tabs, they will break the macros. How can I disable their user interaction with workbook while macros are running? I tried the followings which failed: - changing the cursor shape to xlwait - Application.ScreenUpdating = False Application.EnableEvents = False thanks for your help. Write your macro code to be independent of selection: Instead of Worksheets(...
Disable User
I am trying to create a script that will disable the user from AD inside the Terminated OU but it seems to be not working. Please let me know what I did wrong? Thank you in advance. ' INITIAL SETUPS On Error Resume Next Const ADS_UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE = 2 CONST ADS_PROPERTY_DELETE = 4 CONST ADS_SCOPE_SUBTREE = 2 CONST ADS_PROPERTY_UPDATE = 2 CONST ADS_RIGHT_DS_CREATE_CHILD = 1 CONST ADS_ACEFLAG_INHERIT_ACE = 2 CONST ADS_ACETYPE_ACCESS_ALLOWED = 0 ' GET COMMAND LINE PARAMETERS strTerm = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) If Len(strTerm) =...
Delete is grayed out-disabled?
Outlook XP- with pop3 email t9o a local pst..When I highlight a single message (without opening it) I cannot delete the message. If I open the message or if I select a single message as part of a multiple selection (2 or more messages) I can delete it (them).Any ideas?Thank you How are you trying to delete the email? You can highlight and click the X button on your toolbar to delete, you can highlight and press the delete key on your keyboard, you can highlight then right-click and scroll to delete, or you can open the email and click the X button on the toolbar in the open e...